Cine Industry and Film institutes in India
Konkani language films are mainly produced in Goa. It is one of the smallest film industries in India, with just four films produced in 2009. Konkani language is spoken mainly in the states of Goa, Maharashtra and Karnataka and to a smaller extent in Kerala. The first full length Konkani film was Mogacho Anvddo, which was released on 24 April 1950, and produced and directed by Jerry Braganza, a native of Mapusa, under the banner of Etica Pictures. Hence, 24 April is celebrated as Konkani Film Day.Karnataka is the hub of a good number of Konkani speaking people. There is an immense body of Konkani literature and art in Karnataka. Several films have been noted among the Karnataka Konkani folks. Kazar (English: Marriage) is a 2009 Konkani film directed by Richard Castelino and produced by Frank Fernandes. Ujvaadu (Shedding New Light on Old Age Issues) was directed and produced by Kasaragod Chinna, whose stage name is Sujeer Srinivas Rao. The pioneering Mangalorean Konkani film is Mog Ani Maipas.
Malayalam film industry is based in Trivandrum. It is considered to be the fourth largest among the film industries in India. Malayalam film industry is known for films that bridge the gap between parallel cinema and mainstream cinema by portraying thought-provoking social issues with top notch technical perfection but with low budgets. Filmmakers includ AdoorGopalakrishna ShajN.Karun,G.Aravindan,K.G.George,Padmarajan,Sathyan Anthikad, T. V. Chandran and Bharathan.
Vigathakumaran, a silent movie released in 1928 produced and directed by J. C. Daniel, marked the beginning of Malayalam cinema. Balan, released in 1938, was the first Malayalam "talkie". Malayalam films were mainly produced by Tamil producers until 1947, when the first major film studio, Udaya Studio, was established in Kerala. In 1954, the film Neelakkuyil captured national interest by winning the President's silver medal. Scripted by the well-known Malayalam novelist, Uroob, and directed by P. Bhaskaran and Ramu Kariat, it is often considered as the first authentic Malayali film.Newspaper Boy, made by a group of students in 1955, was the first neo-realistic film in Malayalam. Chemmeen (1965), directed by Ramu Kariat and based on a story by Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, went on to become immensely popular, and became the first South Indian film to win the National Film Award for Best Feature Film.
The period from the late 1980s to early 1990s is popularly regarded as the 'Golden Age of Malayalam Cinema' with the emergence of actors Mohanlal, Mammootty, Suresh Gopi, Jayaram,Bharath Gopi, Murali, Thilakan and Nedumudi Venu and filmmakers such as I. V. Sasi, Bharathan, Padmarajan, K. G. George, Sathyan Anthikad, Priyadarshan, A. K. Lohithadas, Siddique-Lal, T. K. Rajeev Kumar and Sreenivasan.
The major actors who emerged after the Golden Age include Dileep, Jayasurya, Fahadh Faasil, Nivin Pauly, Prithviraj Sukumaran, Dulquer Salmaan, Kunchacko Boban and Asif Ali (actor).
K. R. Narayanan National Institute of Visual Science and Arts (KRNNIVSA) is an autonomous institute established by the Government of Kerala at Thekkumthala in Kottayam District in Kerala state as a training-cum-research centre in film/audio-visual technology.
Meitei cinema is a small filmmaking industry in the state of Manipur. This region started its film making industry with a full length black and white film Matamgee Manipur in 1972. Meitei cinema started to produce many films starting in the 1980s. Langlen Thadoi (1984) was Meitei cinema's first full length colour film.
Meitei cinema has started gaining its momentum with a force since the imposition of a ban on the screening of Hindi films in entertainment houses in Manipur. Screening of Hindi movies has come to a halt in this volatile border state despite reiterated appeals made by the successive Chief Ministers. This move has given fresh impetus to the film producers, artists and film lovers in the state.
The Meitei film industry is a vibrant one, with as many as 80-100 movies being made per year, despite constraints of infrastructure and the issues arising out of conflict. Cinemas opened in Imphal after World War II and the first full-length Meitei movie was made in 1972. The boom happened in 2002, the height of the secessionist movement from India.
Aribam Syam Sharma's Imagi Ningthem won the prestigious Grand Prix in the Nantes International Film Festival in France in 1982. The whole of France got the opportunity to know about Manipur through a nationwide telecast of Imagi Ningthem on French television. After watching Ishanou (a world acclaimed cinema of Meitei film directed by Aribam Syam Sharma), westerners were inspired to take up research on Lai Haraoba and Manipur's rich folklore. Maipak, Son of Manipur is the first Meitei documentary film and was released on 9 November 1971.
Among the notable Meitei films which have participated in film festivals and have won awards (some even at the National Level) are Phijigee Mani, Leipaklei and Pallepfam.
Marathi cinema includes the films produced in the Marathi language in the state of Maharashtra, India. It is one of the oldest industry in Indian cinema. The pioneer of cinema in Union of India was Dadasaheb Phalke, who brought the revolution of moving images to India with his first indigenously made silent film Raja Harishchandra in 1913, which is considered by IFFI and NIFD part of Marathi cinema as it was made by a Marathi crew.
The first Marathi talkie film, Ayodhyecha Raja (produced by Prabhat Films), was released in 1932, just one year after Alam Ara, the first Hindi talkie film. Marathi cinema has grown in recent years, with two of its films, namely Shwaas (2004) and Harishchandrachi Factory (2009), being India's official entries for the Oscars. Today the industry is based in Mumbai but it sprouted and grew first from Kolhapur and then Pune.
There are many Marathi movies. Some of the more notable are Sangte Aika, Ek Gaon Bara Bhangadi, Pinjara of V. Shantaram, Sinhasan, Pathlaag, Jait Re Jait, Saamana, Santh Wahate Krishnamai, Sant Tukaram, and Shyamchi Aai by Pralhad Keshav Atre, based on Sane Guruji's novel Shamchi Aai. Marathi has made an immense contribution to Indian cinema, as many Marathi-speaking actors have brought glamour to the Indian film industry. Marathi film industry has included the work of actors including Durga Khote, V. Shantaram, Nutan, Lalita Pawar, Nanda, Tanuja, Shriram Lagoo, Ramesh Deo, Seema Deo, Nana Patekar, Smita Patil, Sadashiv Amrapurkar, Sonali Kulkarni, Sonali Bendre, Urmila Matondkar, Reema Lagoo, Mamta Kulkarni, Padmini Kolhapure, and Sachin Khedekar.
In today's list many filmmakers, directors, music directors, and actors have added glory to Marathi cinema. Natsamrat by Mahesh manjarekar, Lay Bhari by director Nishikant Kamat, and Balak Palak by Ritesh Deshmukh production house gave new stream to Marathi cinema. Shala. Duniyadari is the first highest-grossing film in that time who gave new face to Marathi cinema. now Sairat by Nagraj manjule crossed all records as of 2016. Narbachi wadi is a beautiful film recited in Konkan. Music director Ajay-atul gave new fame to Marathi music.
Indian Gorkha cinema is Nepali language films produced by Nepali language speaking Indians.
The Odia film industry is the Bhubaneswar and Cuttack based Odia language film industry.The first Odia talkie Sita Bibaha was made by Mohan Sunder Deb Goswami in 1936. Shreeram Panda, Prashanta Nanda, Uttam Mohanty and Bijay Mohanty started the revolution in the Oriya film industry by not only securing a huge audience but also bringing in a newness in their presentation. His movies heralded in the golden era of the Odia commercial industry by bringing in freshness to Odia movies.Then the first colour film was made by Nagen Ray and photographed by a Pune Film Institute trained cinematographer Surendra Sahu titled Gapa Hele Be Sata ("although a story, it is true"). The golden phase of Odia cinema was 1984 when two Odia films, Maya Miriga and Dhare Alua, were showcased in Indian Panorama, and Nirad Mohapatra's Maya Miriga was invited to the Critics Week at Cannes. The film received the Best Third World Film award at Mannheim Film Festival, Jury Award at Hawaii and was shown at London Film Festival.
K.D. Mehra made the first Punjabi film, Sheela (also known as "Pind di Kudi" (Rustic Girl)). Baby Noor Jehan was introduced as an actress and singer in this film. Sheela was made in Calcutta and released in Lahore, the capital of Punjab; it ran very successfully and was a hit across the province. Due to the success of this first film many more producers started making Punjabi films. As of 2009, Punjabi cinema had produced between 900 and 1,000 movies. The average number of releases per year in the 1970s was nine; in the 1980s, eight; and in the 1990s, six. In 1995, the number of films released was 11; it plummeted to seven in 1996 and touched a low of five in 1997. Since the 2000s the Punjabi cinema has seen a revival with more releases every year featuring bigger budgets, and home grown stars as well as Bollywood actors of Punjabi descent taking Manny Parmar made the first 3D Punjabi film, Pehchaan 3D, which released in 2013.
Though striving hard to survive, mainly because of not having a state or region to represent, the Sindhi film industry has been producing movies in intervals. The first Sindhi movie produced in India was the 1958 film Abana, which was a success throughout the country. Later the Sindhi cinema saw the production of some Bollywood style films like Hal Ta Bhaji Haloon, Parewari, Dil Dije Dil Waran Khe, Ho Jamalo, Pyar Kare Dis: Feel the Power of Love and The Awakening. There are numerous personalities of Sindhi descent who have been and are contributing in Bollywood, including G P Sippy, Ramesh Sippy, Nikhil Advani, Tarun Mansukhani, Ritesh Sidhwani, and Asrani.
Director Songe Dorjee Thongdok introduced the first Indian film in the language of Sherdukpen with his film Crossing Bridges in 2014. The language and cinema are native of the north-eastern state Arunachal Pradesh. Dorjee is planning on making future films in the same language, contributing one more regional dialect to the world of Indian cinema.
H. M. Reddy directed the first south Indian talkie film Kalidas, shot in Tamil and Telugu. Sivaji Ganesan became India's first actor to receive an international award when he won the Best Actor award at the Afro-Asian film festival in 1960 and was awarded the title of Chevalier in the Legion of Honour by the French Government in 1995.The city once served as a base for all South Indian films and to date remains South India's largest film production centre.
Tamil cinema is also influenced by Dravidian politics,with prominent film personalities like C N Annadurai, M G Ramachandran, M Karunanidhi and Jayalalithaa becoming Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu.K. B. Sundarambal was the first film personality to enter a state legislature in India. She was also the first person in the Indian film industry to command a salary of one lakh rupees.
Tamil films are distributed to various parts of Asia, Southern Africa, Northern America, Europe and Oceania.The industry has inspired Tamil film-making in Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore and Canada.
Rajnikanth is referred to as "Superstar" and has since continued to hold a matinee idol status in the popular culture of South India.His mannerisms and stylised delivery of dialogue in films contribute to his mass popularity and appeal.After earning ₹26 crore (US$4.0 million) for his role in Sivaji (2007), he became the highest paid actor in Asia after Jackie Chan. Kamal Haasan made his debut in Kalathur Kannamma, for which he won the President's Gold Medal for Best Child Actor. Haasan is tied with Mammootty and Amitabh Bachchan for the most Best Actor National Film Awards, with three. With seven submissions, Kamal Haasan has starred in the highest number of films submitted India for the Academy Award Best Foreign Language Film.
In Tamil films music and songs play an important role. Critically acclaimed composers such as Ilaiyaraaja and A. R. Rahman, who have an "international following", belong to Tamil cinema.
Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu was considered the "father of Telugu cinema". The annual Raghupati Venkaiah Award was incorporated into the Nandi Awards to recognize people for their contributions to the Telugu film industry. uppaladadiyam Nagayya was the first multilingual film actor, singer, music composer, producer and director in South India to be honoured with the Padma Shri.He was known as the Paul Muni of India in the media. S. V. Ranga Rao is one of the first Indian actors of the time to receive the international award at the Indonesian Film Festival, held in Jakarta, for Narthanasala in 1963. N. T. Rama Rao was one of the most commercially successful Telugu actors of his time.The highest number of theatres are located in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana which produce films in the Telugu language. A total of 2809 are located in these regions out of 10167 theatres running in India. In 2005, 2006 and 2008 the Telugu Film industry produced the largest number of films in India, exceeding the number of films produced in Bollywood, with 268, 245 and 286 films in each year respectively.Ramoji Film City, which holds the Guinness World Record for the world's largest film production facility, is located in Hyderabad.The Prasad's IMAX in Hyderabad is the world's largest 3D IMAX screen and is the most attended screen in the world.
B. Narsing Rao, K. N. T. Sastry and Pattabhirama Reddy have garnered international recognition for their pioneering work in Parallel Cinema.Adurthi Subba Rao has garnered ten National Film Awards, the highest individual awards in Telugu cinema, for his pioneering work as a director. S. P. Balasubramanyam holds the Guinness World Record of having sung the most number of songs for any male playback singer in the world; the majority of his songs were sung in Telugu.
Nowadays 30 to 40 films are made evry year in Tulu language.K N Tailor and Machchendra nath Pandeshwar, are icons of Tulu language films. The first film, Enna Thangadi, was released in 1971. Usually Tulu films are released in theatres across the Tulu Nadu region and on DVD.The critically acclaimed Tulu film Suddha won the award for Best Indian Film at the Osian film festival held at New Delhi in 2006. Oriyardori Asal, released in 2011, is the most successful Tulu film to date.
- The first Tulu film was Enna Thangadi, released in 1971.
- Dareda Budedi produced by K.N. Taylor was the second feature film, released in 1971.
- Koti Chennaya (1973) directed by Vishu Kumar was the first history-based Tulu film.
- The first Tulu colour film Kariyani Kattandi Kandani was produced in 1978 by Aroor Bhimarao.
- Bisatti Babu produced in 1972 was the first recipient of the state government award for the best Tulu film.
- Bangar Patler produced in 1993 by Richard Castelino won the highest national and international awards.
- September 8, directed by Richard Castelino, starring Kannada actor Sunil and Kannada writer, K Shivaram Karanth was shot in 24 hours entirely in Mangalore, a record in the world cinema.
- Sudda won the award for the best Indian film at the eighth Asian Film Festival "Ocean - Cinefan".
Several institutes, both government run and private, provide formal education in various aspects of filmmaking. Some of the prominent ones include:
- AJK Mass Communication Research Centre, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi
- Annapurna International School of Film and Media, Hyderabad
- Asian Academy of Film & Television
- Biju Pattnaik Film and Television Institute of Odisha
- BOFTA - Blue Ocean Film and Television Academy, Kodambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
- Centre for advanced media studies, Patiala
- Department of Culture & Media studies, Central University of Rajasthan
- Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune
- Film-Theater Studies, SOH, Tamil Nadu Open University, Saidapet, Chennai
- Government Film and Television Institute, Bangalore
- K. R. Narayanan National Institute of Visual Science and Arts (KRNNIVSA), Kottayam, Kerala
- L. V. Prasad Film & TV Academy, Chennai
- MGR Film and Television institute, Chennai
- Matrikas Film School
- National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad
- Palme Deor Media College, Tambaram west, Chennai and Arulananda Nagar, Thanjavur
- Regional Government Film and Television Institute (RGFTI), Guwahati
- Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute, Calcutta
- School of Media and Cultural Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai
- Srishti School of Art, Design and Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka
- Whistling Woods International
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